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[Materials]
Hardening and Hardness Test Methods

Q Heat Treatment for Steel Materials Q General Steel Materials
Type
Name Vickers Hardness Hardening Depth Strain Applicable Materials Material Symbol Reference Rolled Steel Material JIS Symbol Material GB Symbol Shapes Unit Standard Dimensions
(mm)
(HV)
JIS
GB
for Flat t 6,9,12,13,14,16,19,22,25,28,30,32,35,38,40,45,50,55,60,65,
70,75,80,85,90,95,100,105
Bar
SKS3 9CrWMn · Operation of heating copper to an appropriate General SS400 Q235
Varies High Carbon SKS21 － temperature over transformation point and Structure Square Bar i 9,13,16,19,22,25,32,38,44,50,65,75,90,100
Through 750 or Less Full Depth according Steel SUJ2 GCr15 quickly cooling it in an appropriate medium in t Width W
SKH51
hardening to C>0.45% SKS93 － order to increase hardness or improve strength.
－
materials. SK4 T11 · Not applicable to long or precision 2 6,8,10,12,16,20
S45C 45 Steel parts, such as spindles, etc. 3 6,8,9,10,12,13,16,19,22,25,32,38,50
4 10,13,16,19,20,22,25,32
·Applicable to partial hardening
Standard Low Carbon 4.5 11,13,16,19,22,25,32,38,50
Carburization 750 or Less 0.5 Moderate Steel SCM415 15CrMo ·Hardening depth should be 5 8,10,13,16,19,20,22,25,30,32,38,50
SNCM220
specified on drawings.
－
Up to 2 C<0.3%
·Applicable to precision parts. 6 9,10,13,16,19,20,22,25,32,38,44,50,60,65,75,90,100,125
8 10,12,13,16,19,22,25,30,32,38
Medium · A surface hardening method that uses high frequency Flat and 9 12,13,16,19,22,25,32,38,44,50,60,65,75,90,100,125
Carbon induction current to quickly heat and cool the steel surface. Square
Induction 500 or Less 1~2 High Steel S45C 45 Steel ·Applicable to partial hardening Steel 10 13,15,16,20,22,25,30,32,38,40,50,60,65,100
Hardening C ·Expensive in small-volume lots. Bar 12 16,19,22,32,38,44,45,50,60,65,75,90,100,125
0.3~0.5% ·High fatigue resistance. Polished
Steel Bar 16 19,22,25,32,38,44,50,60,65,75,90,100,125
· A surface hardening method that forms hardening (Cold- SS400D － 19 22,25,32,38,44,50,60,65,75,90,100,125
layer of hard nitride compounds on the steel surface Drawn)
Nitriding 22 25,32,38,44,50,60,65,75,90,100,125
Nitriding 900～1000 0.1～0.2 Low Steel SACM645 38CrMoAl ·Obtains highest degree of hardness among all hardening techniques.
·Fit for mass production. 25 32,38,44,50,60,65,75,90,100,125
·Applicable to spindles for sliding bearing. 30 50,65,75,100,125
®
TUFFTRID is · Tufftride is one of the nitriding methods called 32 50,65,75,100,125
the trademark Carbon Steel S45C 45 Steel soft-nitriding (salt bath process). 38 50,65,75,100,125
of Durferrit 500 0.01～0.02 Low Steel SCM415 15CrMo · High fatigue resistance and abrasion resistance Square 2.5,3,4,4.5,5,5.5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,24,25,28,30,32,
SK3
· Same corrosion resistance as zinc plating.
GmbH‚Germany Stainless Steel Material Stainless － · Not applicable to precision parts because of Bar i 34,35,36,38,40,42,44,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,100,110,120,130
Stainless
(salt bath 1000 Steel Steel incapability of polishing after heat treatment.
process). ·Applicable to oil free bearings. Hexagonal Opposite side 3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,17,19,21,22,23,24,26,27,29,30,32,35,36,
Bar
38,41,46,50,54,55,58,60,63,65,67,70,71,75,77,80,85,90,95,100,115
H
·Low temperature annealing.
Bluing － － － Wire Rod SWP－B － ·Removes internal stress during forming Round D 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,
31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,40,42,43,44,45,46,48,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,100,
to enhance elasticity. Bar 105,110,115,120,130,140,150,160,170,180,190,200
Cold-Rolled SPCC Steel Plate t 0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,1,1.2,1.6,2,2.3,3.2
Q Hardness Test Methods and Applicable Parts Steel Plate －
Hot-rolled
Testing Method Principle Applicable Heat-Treated Parts Features Reference Steel Plate SPHC － Steel Plate t (1.2),1.6,2.3,2.6,3.2,4.5
· A (steel or super hard alloy) ball ·Annealing · Applicable to uneven materials S45C-D Round 2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5,6,7,8,9,9.5,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,
1. Brinell indenter is used to indent the test ·Normalized parts and forged products because (Polished) － Bar D 27,28,29,30,32,33,34,35,36,38,40,42,44,45,46,48,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,
surface. Hardness is given as a
100,105,110,115,120,125,130
·Anchored materials
indent is large.
Hardness quotient divided by the surface area of · Not applicable to small or thin GB/T 231.1-2018 JIS Z2243 Carbon Steel for
Machine
the dent, computed from the diameter. specimens. Structural Use Flat t 6,9.5,12.7,13,16,19,22,25,27,32,38,45,50,55,65,75,85,95,105,115,125,135,145,
S50C 50 Steel Bar 155,(165),(175),(185),(205)
· This standard or test load · Hardening tempered · Hardness value obtained Square Bar i 12.7,13,16,19,25,28,32,38,44,50,55,65,75,90,100,110,120,130,155
is applied via a diamond or parts quickly. SKS93 Flat Bar t 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,13,16,19,22,25,27,32,38,43,50,53,65,75,90,105,130,155
ball indenter. ·Carburized surfaces · Applicable to intermediate －
2. Rockwell Hardness is read on a ·Nitrided parts testing of actual products. GB/T 230.1-2018 JIS Z2245 Carbon Tool SKS93 － Square Bar i 10,13,16,19,22,25,28,32,38,45,50,55,65,75,90,105,130,(155),(210)
Hardness tester. · Thin sheets such as · Caution is required as there Steel
copper,brass, bronze, are 30 types. SK4－DG8 － Round D 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,22,23,24,25,26,28,30,32,36,38,
etc. Bar 40,42,45,48,50,55,60,65,70,75,80
Flat Bar t 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,13,16,19,22,25,27,32,38,43,50,53,65,75,90,105,130,155,(160)
Alloy Tool SKS3 9CrWMn Square Bar i 10,13,16,19,22,25,28,32,36,38,45,50,55,65,75,90,105,130,(155),(210)
· The specimen is set on a · Hardening tempered · Extremely easy to operate and Steel
table. parts data can be obtained quickly. Round Bar D 13,16,19,22,25,28,32,38,42,46,50,55,60,65,70,80,85,90,100,110,120,130,150,160,180
3. Shore A hammer is dropped from ·Nitrided parts ·Applicable to large parts. Chrome HeAxagonal Bar Opposite side H 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,17,19,21,22,23,24,26,27,30,32,35,36,38,41,46,50,54,55
Hardness a uniform height. Hardness · Large carburized parts, · Indent is kept shallow, therefore GB/T 4341.1-2014 JIS Z2246
is based on how height the etc. is applicable to actual products. Molybdenum SCM435 35CrMo Round 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,30,32,34,
hammer bounces. · Portable, as being compact and Steel Bar D 35,36,38,40,42,45,46,48,50
light weight.
Sulfuric and Sulfur Compound SUM24L Y15Pb Round D 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,20,22,23,24,25,26,28,30,32,34,35,36,38,40
· Uses a diamond 136˚square · This hardening layers · Applicable to small and thin Free Cutting Steel Bar
pyramid indenter. Hardness value by induction hardening, specimens. High Carbon Chrome Round 13,16,19,22,25,28,(30),32,(34),36,38,42,(44),46,(48),50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,
4. Vickers is obtained from the surface area carburizing, nitriding, · Applicable to all materials GB/T 4340.1-2009 JIS Z2244 Bearing Steel SUJ2 GCr15 Bar D 100,110,120,130,140,150,(160),(170),(180),(190),(200),(210),(220),(230),(240),(250)
Hardness of the dent, computed from the electrolytic plating, because of diamond
experimental load and the length ceramic coating, etc. indenter.
of the diagonal lines of the dent. · Hardening layer depth in
(Automatically calculated) carburized and nitrided parts.
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