Page 1653 - MiSUMi 2025

[Technical Data]
Geometric Tolerance Indications Excerpts from JIS B 0021 (1984)

■ Geometric Tolerances and Symbols
Tolerance Types Symbols Definition of Tolerance Zones Illustrated Examples and Interpretations
If the tolerance value is preceded φ0.08 0.08
φ
φ0.08 If a tolerance frame is connected
φ0.08
φ0.08 to a dimension that indicates the
by a Ø symbol, this tolerance φ0.08 φ
φ
φ0.08
φ0.080.080.08
φ
φ0.08
Straightness φ t zone is the range within a cylinder φ φ0.08
φ0.08 0.08 diameter of a cylinder, the axis line of
φ φ φ0.08
φ0.08
φ0.08
φ0.08
φ
φ0.08
φ t
φ0.08
φ0.08
φ
φ φ0.08
φ t φ t t t φ φ t φ φ φ t t t of diameter t. φ φ φ φ φ φ φ0.080.08 the cylinder shall be contained within
φφ0.08
φ0.08 0.08
φ
a cylinder of 0.08mm diameter.
φ
φ0.08
φ0.08
φ0.08
φ t
φ φ t φ t φ t φ t φ φ t t φ t φ t φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ0.08 φ
φ0.08
φ0.08
φ
φ0.08 0.08
φ φ
φ0.08 0.08
0.08 φ φ0.08
φ0.08
This surface shall be contained
φ
φ t φ t φ t φ t φ φ t φ t φ t t The tolerance zone is the area 0.08 φ φ φ0.08 φ0.08
0.08 φ φ
within two parallel planes
0.08 0.08 φ
between two parallel planes
φ
0.08 φ
Flatness φ φ t φ t φ φ t φ t φ t t t φ t φ t φ t φ t separated by distance t. 0.08 φ 0.08 φ 0.08 φ 0.08 φ φ φ 0.08 φ φ separated by 0.08mm.
0.08
0.08
φ t t t φ t t φ t t 0.08φ 0.08 0.08 0.08 φ
0.08
0.080.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.080.08
0.08
0.1
0.08
0.08
0.1 0.1 0.1
t t t t t t t t 0.08 0.08
0.08
t t t t t t t t t 0.08 0.08
0.08 0.08
0.1
0.1
0.08
0.1
t t t t t t t t t t The tolerance zone in the subject 0.08 0.1 0.08 The circumference of arbitrary
0.08 0.10.1
0.08
0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t plane is the area between two 0.08 0.1 0.1 axis perpendicular cross sections
0.1
t t
0.1
t t
0.1
0.1
Form Tolerance t t t t t t t t t t t t t t tt t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t distance t. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 concentric circles separated by
t t
t t
t
0.1 0.1
0.1
Circularity
concentric circles separated by
t t t
0.1
shall be contained between two
0.1
0.1
t t t
0.1
t
t
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1mm on the same plane.
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1
0.1
The subject surface shall be
The tolerance zone is the range
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
contained between two coaxial
contained between two coaxial
0.1
0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1
Cylindricity
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1mm.
0.1
distance t.
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t cylinder surfaces separated by 0.1 0.1 0.1 cylinder surfaces separated by
0.1 0.1
tt t 0.1
0.1
t t 0.1 0.04 0.1
0.1
0.1
0.04 0.04 0.1
0.04
φ
φt t t φt φ φt The tolerance zone is the range 0.04 0.04 On arbitrary cross-sections parallel to the
0.04
φt
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04 0.04
φt φt φt φt t φ φt φ φt t contained between the two enveloping 0.04 0.04 projection plane, the subject profile shall be
φt φt
0.04
0.04
0.040.04
φt
Profile of Line φt φt φt lines formed by a circle with diameter 0.04 0.04 contained between the two envelope lines formed
0.04
0.04
0.04 0.04
φt φt
φt t φ φ φ φt φ φtφt φt t t with the center located on the 0.04 0.04 by a 0.04mm diameter circle with the center
0.04
0.04
φt t
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04
0.04
0.04
φt φtφ t φt φt φt t φt φt φt theoretically correct profile curve. 0.04 0.02 0.02 located on the theoretically correct profile curve.
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
The tolerance zone is the range 0.02 0.02 The subject surface shall be contained
0.02
0.02
0.02 0.02
0.02
S φ t S φ
0.02
0.020.02
0.02
S φ
0.02
S φφ
Profile of Surface S φ S t S φ t t contained between the two enveloping 0.02 0.02 between the two enveloping surfaces
formed by a 0.02mm diameter sphere
S φ t φ t surfaces formed by a sphere with
0.02 0.02
0.02
S φ ttt
0.02
S φ
S t φ t t
0.02
0.02
S S φ t S S S φ t 0.01 AA A 0.02 with the center located on the surface
0.02
0.02
S φ t φ t φ t diameter t with the center located on
0.01 A 0.02
0.02
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.02
0.02
0.01 A 0.02
S
0.01 A 0.02
S φ t φ t the theoretically correct profile surface.
S φ
S φ t t
S φ t S φ t φ t
S φ t S
t t t t S φ t S φ t 0.01 A 0.01 AAA containing the theoretically correct profile.
0.01
0.01
S φ t
0.01 A
S φ
0.01 A
0.01
0.01 A
t t t t t t S φ S t 0.01 0.01 AA A
S φ
0.01 A
0.01 A
S φ t φ t The tolerance zone is the range
0.01 A
0.01 A A
S φ t t φ t S φ t φ t
t t t t t t t S φ t S t 0.01 0.01 The surface indicated by the arrow
0.01 A A
0.01
0.01 A
S φ t S φ t contained between two planes
t t t t t S φ t S 0.01 A A 0.01 A leader shall be contained between
A A A
0.01
0.01 A
A 0.01 A A
A 0.01 A
A 0.01
0.01 A
Parallelism t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t φt φt φt φt parallel to the datum plane φ φ φ A φφ A A 0.01 A φ0.01 AA A two planes parallel to the datum
A 0.01 A A
0.01
φt
A A A 0.01 A
φ φφ A 0.01 A
Orientation Tolerance Perpendicularity φt φt φt φt t t t t t t t t t If the tolerance value is preceded 40° 0.08 A A0.08 A A A φ0.01 A A datum plane A.
0.01
plane A separated by 0.01mm in
φ A 0.01 A
separated by distance t.
φ AA A A 0.01 A
φt φt φt
φ
A
φ0.01 A
φ0.01
φ0.01
φt
φt
φ
φ
φ A
φ
φ0.01 A the direction of the arrow leader.
φttt
A
Aφ0.01 A
φ
φ
φ
φt
φ
A A φ0.01 A
φt
φ0.010.01
φ0.01 AAA
φ
φ A A
φt
φ0.01
A φ0.01 A
A φ0.01 A
φ0.01 AA A
φ
φ0.01
A
φ0.01 A
A
φt
φ A
φt φt
φ φ A φ0.01 A
φ A
φ0.01 A
φ0.01 A The axis of the cylinder indicated
φ
φ φ A A φ0.01
φt φt
φ0.01 A A
φ
A
φt
φt
φt
φ
φ0.01
φ0.01 A A
φ A A
φ
φt
by a Ø symbol, the tolerance
A φ0.01
A φ0.01 A
φ φ A
AA A A φ0.01 A A
φ0.01 Aby the arrow leader shall be
φt
φ
φt
φ
φt
φ0.01
φ0.01 A
φt
φ0.01 A
φ
φt φt
φt
φ φ A
φ
φ0.01 A
zone is the range contained
φ
A A φ0.01 A A contained within a 0.01mm
A A φ0.01 A
φt
0.08 0.08 φ
A
φ0.01
φt
φ φ0.01 A
φt
φt
φt
Tolerance
A AA φ0.01 A A
t t t
0.08A
φ0.01 A
0.08 A A A φ0.01
A
A A φ0.01 A
0.08 A
within a cylinder of diameter t
φ0.01 A cylinder perpendicular to the
0.08 A
0.08 A
0.08
0.08 A 0.080.08 A
A A
A A A
A
perpendicular to the datum plane.
0.08
AA A
0.08 A
0.08
0.08 A
t t t t
40° A A A
A A
t
40° 40°
0.08
0.08 A A
40° 0.08
40° A A A0.08 A
40° A A A0.08
0.08A
40°A
40° 0.08
40° A A
0.08 0.08
40° 0.08
t t
40°
A
40°
0.08 A
40° 0.08
0.08 A
shall be contained between two parallel planes
contained between two parallel
40° 40° A0.08
A
40° 0.08A0.08 0.08
A A A
40°
B 40° A0.08 0.08 A
0.08
A A
φ0.03
Angularity t t t t t t t t t t t t t The tolerance zone is the range 40° B 40° 40° A A0.08 A0.08 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A φ0.03 0.03 0.03 AB The surface indicated by the arrow leader
A φ φ
t
40°40° A0.08
t t t t t t t t t planes inclined at a specified angle
B B 40° 0.08 A
40°
40°
AB ABAB inclined theoretically exactly by 40 degrees to
A φ
40°
AA A 0.03
t t t t to the datum plane and separated B 40° B A A A φ φ0.03 AB AB
B 40°
AB
40°
40°
φ 0.030.03 the datum plane A, and separated by 0.08mm
Aφ0.03
60B
φ0.03 ABAB
t
B 60 40°
φ φ AB
B 60 B 40°
B
A0.03
A φ0.03 AB
40° B 40°
A φ0.03
φ0.03 0.03 0.03 AB in the direction of the arrow leader.
t t t t t t t t t from each other by distance t. 40° 60 BB 40° BB 60 B 40° A A A A φ0.03 φ AB AB AB AB
60 60
A
φ0.03 AB
Aφ0.03
AB
φ0.03 φ0.03
AB AB
AB
A
t t t t t t True Position 60 B B 60 B 60 B 40° 60 B B 60 60 40° 100 A A 0.03 AB AB
A
φ0.03
A
φ0.03 AB
AB
t True Position
t True Position
φ0.03 φ0.03
AB AB
A φ φ0.03
t
AB
Aφ A
100 A
A 0.03 AB
True Position The tolerance zone is the range
t t True Position B 60 B B 60 B 60 60 B 60 100 100 A A A φ0.03 AB The point indicated by the arrow leader
100 A φ0.03
t True Position
t
φ
AB
A
100 A 0.03
t t True Position
φ A 0.03 AB
True Position
100
True Position
60 B
True Position
60 B B 100
φ
100
φ0.03 0.03
φ AB
Aφ0.03 AB AB
AB
100 100 A 0.03
60
60 B
t True Position
True Position
B 100
True Position contained within a circle or sphere
φ0.01 A AB 0.03 shall be contained within a 0.03mm
100
t True Position
A A A φ
φ
B 100
AB
A 0.03
A AB
t
Positional t t True Position B B 60B B 60 60 B 60 60 100 100 A φ0.03 φ0.01 φ0.03
t
True Position
A 0.03 φ0.01 AB
t True Position
A 100
60
φ φ0.01 A
AA A AB
t
t
A 100
True Position
A diameter circle with its center located at
True Position of diameter t with its center located
60 100
True Position
True Position
t
100100 φ A
A 0.01
True Position
Tolerance φ t φ t φ t φ t t t φ t φ tφ t φ t φ φ t φt φ t φ t φ t φ t t φ φ t φ t True Position 60 60 B 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 A A 100 A A A 100 φ A A A φ0.01 A φ0.01 A A 0.01 AA A A A A the true location 60mm from the datum
True Position
100
A
A 100
φ φ AA
True Position
φ0.010.010.01
True Position
60 100
True Position
True Positionat theoretically true location of the
A 100
100
Positional Tolerance Concentricity φ t φ t φ φ t φ t φ t φ t φ t φ t φ t φ t φ t φ t t φ t φ φ t t φ t φ t φ t φ t φ t φ t φ t True Position If the tolerance value is preceded A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A 100 A 100 φ0.01 A A A φ0.01A The axis of the cylinder indicated by
A A
60
φ0.01
True Position
A A A 100 φ0.01 A
True Position
φ A φ A
A
A 100
φ A
φ0.01 0.01 0.01 A
Aφ0.01
A 100
True Position
True Position
100
A A 100 A
True Position
φ0.01 A
True Position
A A 0.01
True Position subject point (True Position).
A line A, and 100mm from the datum line B.
100
A A 100
True Position
True Position
A 100
A 0.01
A
A
φ0.01 φA
True Position
True Position
A A
A φ0.01
100
A
A A
True Position
A
100 100 φ0.01
A 0.01
φ0.01 A A
A A
φ0.01 φ A
A
A
φ0.01
φ0.01A A
A A
A
A φ0.01
φ0.01 A
φ0.01
A
φ A
φ0.01 0.01
φ0.01
A A
A
φ
A A
Coaxiality
φ
A φ0.01 the arrow leader shall be contained
by a Ø symbol, the tolerance zone
φ0.01 A
φ0.01
A
A 0.01
A
A
A
0.08 0.01
0.08 0.08
A
0.08
AA A
A
or
within a cylinder of diameter
is the range within a cylinder of
0.08 A
A
0.08
A
t
t t t
0.08
A
0.08
A A A
0.08
0.08
A A A
t
diameter t with axis coinciding with
t
A
0.01mm with axis coinciding with
0.08 A
AA A
AA A
0.08
0.08 A
A
t
0.08 0.08 A0.08
t t t
A
0.08
0.08 A
the datum axis line.
t
the datum axis A.
A
t t
0.08
0.080.08
t
A
t
A A
A A
t t
A A
0.08
t t
0.08
t
0.08 A A
0.08 0.08
A
t t
0.08
t t
A A
0.08
0.08 A
0.08
A
t t
t
0.08
0.08 A
0.08A
A A
0.08
0.08 0.08
t t t
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
A－B
A－B AA－B A0.08
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
t t t
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface) contained between two parallel
arrow leader shall be contained
A 0.08
0.1 0.08 A－B0.1 0.1 0.08
t
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface) t
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
0.1 A－B
0.1
t tt
φ A－B
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Symmetry Surface to be measured (Measured Surface) t t t The tolerance zone is the range A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 0.08 0.1A A A φ A－B A－B A A The central plane indicated by the
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
0.1
between two parallel planes separated
φ 0.1 A－B0.1 A－B0.1
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface) planes separated by distance t
t t
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
φ A－B A－B
t t t
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
0.1
0.1 φ A－B
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface) φ φ φ 0.1 0.1 0.1 A－B
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
φ φ
0.1
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface) and located symmetrically with
t
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface) φ φ φ φ φ φ 0.1 A－B φ A－B0.1 A－B by 0.08mm and located symmetrically
φ A－B
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
t t t
t t
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
B 0.1 B φ 0.1B
B A－B φ A－B
Toleranced Surface
0.1
t
0.1φ
φ A－
t
Toleranced Surface
t Toleranced Surface
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
φ 0.1
Toleranced Surface relation to the datum plane.
t
t
A－B
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface) Aφ φ φ φ φ φ 0.1 0.1 φ B φ 0.1 φ A－B φ A－B A－B in relation to the datum plane A.
t
0.1 φ A－B
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
0.1 φ 0.1 φ 0.1
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
0.1 A－B
t t
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
B φ A－B
Toleranced Surface
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface) φ φ φ φ A φ A φ A A 0.1 0.1 φ B 0.1 A－B A－B A－B
t t
Toleranced Surface
t
0.1 φ BB φ A－B
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
t Toleranced SurfaceToleranced Surface
φ 0.1 φ A－B A－B A－B0.1 B φ A－B
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
0.1 φ A－B
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Toleranced Surface
B 0.1
t Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
t
A－B
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
0.1 0.1 B φ A－B
t Toleranced Surface
B φ 0.1
t
B 0.1
t
t
B φ
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
Toleranced Surface The tolerance zone is an arbitrary surface
Toleranced Surface
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
B φ
0.1
0.1φ A－B
A－B A－B
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
BB 0.1
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface) A φ φ φA φ φA φ A φ φ A φ A φ A φ φ A φ φ AA φ A φ φ φ φ A φ A A A 0.1 B 0.1 B φ A－B A－B A－B The radial run-out of the cylinder surface
t t t
Surface to be measured (Measured Surface)
B φ B φ 0.1
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
B 0.1φ A－B
φ A φ
A
A－B
t t
t Toleranced Surface
B
φ A－B
t
Runout Tolerance Toleranced Surface in radial direction by the distance t. φ A φ A A φ A A A A A B 0.1 0.1 φ 0.1 φ A－ φ A－Bφ A－B A－B perpendicular to the datum axis line when the
A－B
Toleranced Surface perpendicular to the datum axis between
t
indicated by the arrow leader shall not
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
B
B φ 0.1φ
A φ
t
A－B
t
φ φ 0.1 A－B
A－B－B
A
φA A φ
0.1 0.1 0.1 φ
Toleranced Surface
t
B φ
φ A φ
exceed 0.1mm on any measuring plane
Runout Tolerance
t
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface two concentric cylinders with centers
B φφ
0.1
φ 0.1 φ A－B
0.1 B Bφ A－B0.1 A－B
A φ Aφ A φ
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
B B
A－B φA－B φ
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
B
φ A
0.1
φ A－B
φA－B
0.1
φ A A
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface
Toleranced Surface common with the datum axis, separated
φ A
B A－B φ A－B
B 0.1 B φ 0.1B
B
Toleranced Surface
φ
φ A－
φ A
A－B
B
B 0.1 B
A－B
φ
φ
B φ 0.1 0.1 B
A φ A 0.1 A－B0.1
φ A φA
B
A－B
φ 0.1 φB
cylinder is rotated about the datum axis A-B.
A
B φ A－B
B B 0.1 B
AA A B φ A－B0.1
B φ BBφ A－B
BB φ A－B
B 0.1
0.1 φ A－B
A－B
A φ φ
B φ A－B0.1
B φ 0.1
B
φ
φ A φ
A A A φ
φ φ A φ
B
A－B
0.1
φ A－B
B φ B φ 0.1
The total radial runout of the cylinder
The tolerance zone is between
0.1
B 0.1
A－B
B B φ A－B
A φ A
φ
A φ
A φ
φ
A φ
two concentric cylinders with
A φ
surface indicated by the arrow leader
φ
A A φ
φ
B φ
centers common with the datum
Total Runout
the cylinder surface when the cylinder
axis, separated in radial direction
is rotated about the datum axis A-B.
by distance t. A A A φ A A A A A A A A A A A A A φ A A B B B B B B B B B B B φ B B B B B φ B B shall not exceed 0.1mm at any point on
The lines used in the Tolerance Zone definitions mean the following.
Thick solid or broken line: Shape; Thin dash-dot line: Center line; Thick dash-dot line: Datum
Thin alternating long and two short dashed line: Supplementary projection plane or cross section plane; Thin solid or broken line: Tolerance range
Thick alternating long and two short dashed line: Projection of shape onto supplementary plane or cross section plane B-008